hackergame2024复现
不宽的宽字符(general)
description
A 同学决定让他设计的 Windows 程序更加「国际化」一些，首先要做的就是读写各种语言写下的文件名。于是他放弃 C 语言中的 char，转而使用宽字符 wchar_t，显然这是一个国际化的好主意。
经过一番思考，他写出了下面这样的代码，用来读入文件名：
// Read the filename
std::wstring filename;
std::getline(std::wcin, filename);转换后要怎么打开文件呢？小 A 使用了 C++ 最常见的写法：
// Create the file object and open the file specified
std::wifstream f(filename);可惜的是，某些版本的 C++ 编译器以及其自带的头文件中，文件名是 char 类型的，因此这并不正确。这时候小 A 灵光一闪，欸🤓👆，我为什么不做一个转换呢？于是：
std::wifstream f((char*)filename);随便找了一个文件名测试过无误后，小 A 对自己的方案非常自信，大胆的在各个地方复用这段代码。然而，代价是什么呢？
现在你拿到了小 A 程序的一部分，小 A 通过在文件名后面加上一些内容，让你不能读取藏有 flag 的文件。
你需要的就是使用某种输入，读取到文件 theflag 的内容（完整位置是：Z:\theflag）。
注：为了使得它能在一些系统上正确地运行，我们使用 Docker 作了一些封装，并且使用 WinAPI 来保证行为一致，不过这并不是题目的重点。
题目核心逻辑预览（点击展开）
你可以通过 nc 202.38.93.141 14202 来连接题目，或者点击下面的「打开/下载题目」按钮通过网页终端与远程交互。
wider.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cctype>
#include <string>
#include <windows.h>
int main()
{
std::wcout << L"Enter filename. I'll append 'you_cant_get_the_flag' to it:" << std::endl;
// Get the console input and output handles
HANDLE hConsoleInput = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
HANDLE hConsoleOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
if (hConsoleInput == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE || hConsoleOutput == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
// Handle error – we can't get input/output handles.
return 1;
}
DWORD mode;
GetConsoleMode(hConsoleInput, &mode);
SetConsoleMode(hConsoleInput, mode | ENABLE_PROCESSED_INPUT);
// Buffer to store the wide character input
char inputBuffer[256] = { 0 };
DWORD charsRead = 0;
// Read the console input (wide characters)
if (!ReadFile(hConsoleInput, inputBuffer, sizeof(inputBuffer), &charsRead, nullptr))
{
// Handle read error
return 2;
}
// Remove the newline character at the end of the input
if (charsRead > 0 && inputBuffer[charsRead - 1] == L'\n')
{
inputBuffer[charsRead - 1] = L'\0'; // Null-terminate the string
charsRead--;
}
// Convert to WIDE chars
wchar_t buf[256] = { 0 };
MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, inputBuffer, -1, buf, sizeof(buf) / sizeof(wchar_t));
std::wstring filename = buf;
// Haha!
filename += L"you_cant_get_the_flag";
std::wifstream file;
file.open((char*)filename.c_str());
if (file.is_open() == false)
{
std::wcout << L"Failed to open the file!" << std::endl;
return 3;
}
std::wstring flag;
std::getline(file, flag);
std::wcout << L"The flag is: " << flag << L". Congratulations!" << std::endl;
return 0;
}在 file.open((char*)filename.c_str()); 时，filename.c_str()没有进行正确的编码转换，直接强制将wchar_t的指针转换成char *。只需要通过b’\x00’将 L”you_cant_get_the_flag” 截断就能拿到flag
a = b"Z:\\theflag\x00\x00"
print(a.decode('utf-16-le'))
无法获得的秘密(general)
description
小 A 有一台被重重限制的计算机，不仅没有联网，而且你只能通过 VNC 使用键鼠输入，看视频输出。上面有个秘密文件位于 /secret，你能帮他把文件丝毫不差地带出来吗？
题目提供novnc的方式访问虚拟机，虚拟机网络隔离，虚拟机中安装debian12操作系统，有firefox浏览器和python3的环境，secret文件大小512字节。只能通过图像的方式将secret的内容表示出来，之前有看过喷泉码传输文件的方式，但那些项目体积太大，静态编译出来的文件太大了，也有想过用hexdump的方式配合ocr，但太麻烦了，准确率不能达到百分百
搜了很久搜到这个单文件不涉及第三方依赖，可以将信息编码成二维码的项目
new_tiny_qr.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>qr code</title>
<style>
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
body {
width: 100vw;
height: 100vh;
margin: 0;
padding: 5px;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
background-color: #ddd;
font-family: sans-serif;
}
#control-panel {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
align-items: center;
gap: 10px;
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
#i {
width: 100%;
min-height: 50px;
flex: 1;
margin-bottom: 10px;
resize: none;
}
#q {
margin: auto;
width: 100%;
padding: 5px;
flex: 3;
}
#q canvas {
margin: auto;
display: block;
}
#slice-info {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
}
button {
cursor: pointer;
}
input[type="number"] {
width: 80px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<textarea autofocus id="i" placeholder="Enter text or select a file...">qr.15c.me</textarea>
<div id="control-panel">
<input type="file" id="fileInput" />
<button id="startBtn">Play</button>
<button id="stopBtn">Pause</button>
<input type="number" id="jumpInput" placeholder="Frame" min="1" />
<button id="jumpBtn">Jump</button>
<button id="prevBtn">← Prev</button>
<button id="nextBtn">Next →</button>
</div>
<div id="q"></div>
<div id="slice-info"></div>
<script>
const M = 2950;
let chunks = [];
let currentIndex = 0;
let intervalId = null;
window.onload = () => {
const q = document.getElementById("q");
const i = document.getElementById("i");
const fileInput = document.getElementById("fileInput");
const startBtn = document.getElementById("startBtn");
const stopBtn = document.getElementById("stopBtn");
const jumpInput = document.getElementById("jumpInput");
const jumpBtn = document.getElementById("jumpBtn");
const prevBtn = document.getElementById("prevBtn");
const nextBtn = document.getElementById("nextBtn");
i.oninput = () => {
if (chunks.length === 0) {
updateQR();
}
};
window.onresize = () => {
if (chunks.length === 0) {
updateQR();
}
};
fileInput.addEventListener("change", async (e) => {
const file = e.target.files[0];
if (!file) return;
try {
const base64 = await fileToBase64(file);
chunks = sliceBase64(base64, M);
currentIndex = 0;
if (chunks.length > 0) {
renderQR(chunks[0]);
updateSliceInfo();
} else {
alert("File is empty or conversion failed");
}
} catch (err) {
alert("File read error: " + err);
}
});
startBtn.addEventListener("click", () => {
if (chunks.length === 0) {
const text = i.value;
if (text.length > M) {
alert(`Text length exceeds ${M} bytes`);
return;
}
updateQR();
return;
}
if (intervalId) return;
intervalId = setInterval(() => {
currentIndex++;
if (currentIndex >= chunks.length) {
currentIndex = 0;
}
renderQR(chunks[currentIndex]);
updateSliceInfo();
}, 1000);
});
stopBtn.addEventListener("click", () => {
if (intervalId) {
clearInterval(intervalId);
intervalId = null;
}
});
jumpBtn.addEventListener("click", () => {
if (chunks.length === 0) {
alert("No slices available. Please upload a file or input text.");
return;
}
const frameNum = parseInt(jumpInput.value, 10);
if (isNaN(frameNum) || frameNum < 1 || frameNum > chunks.length) {
alert(`Please enter a number between 1 and ${chunks.length}.`);
return;
}
currentIndex = frameNum - 1;
renderQR(chunks[currentIndex]);
updateSliceInfo();
});
prevBtn.addEventListener("click", () => {
if (chunks.length === 0) {
alert("No slices available. Please upload a file or input text.");
return;
}
currentIndex--;
if (currentIndex < 0) {
currentIndex = chunks.length - 1;
}
renderQR(chunks[currentIndex]);
updateSliceInfo();
});
nextBtn.addEventListener("click", () => {
if (chunks.length === 0) {
alert("No slices available. Please upload a file or input text.");
return;
}
currentIndex++;
if (currentIndex >= chunks.length) {
currentIndex = 0;
}
renderQR(chunks[currentIndex]);
updateSliceInfo();
});
updateQR();
};
function updateQR() {
const q = document.getElementById("q");
const i = document.getElementById("i");
const t = i.value;
q.innerHTML = "";
if (t.length > M) {
alert(`Text is ${t.length - M} bytes too long`);
return;
}
try {
const s = getQRSize();
QrCreator.render({
text: t,
radius: 0,
ecLevel: "L",
background: "#fff",
size: s
}, q);
} catch (e) {
alert("Failed to generate QR code: " + e);
}
document.getElementById("slice-info").innerText = "";
}
function renderQR(text) {
const q = document.getElementById("q");
q.innerHTML = "";
try {
const s = getQRSize();
QrCreator.render({
text: text,
radius: 0,
ecLevel: "L",
background: "#fff",
size: s
}, q);
} catch (e) {
alert("Failed to generate QR code: " + e);
}
}
function updateSliceInfo() {
const info = document.getElementById("slice-info");
info.innerText = `Current slice: ${currentIndex + 1} / ${chunks.length}`;
}
function getQRSize() {
const q = document.getElementById("q");
return Math.max(Math.min(q.clientWidth, q.clientHeight) - 10, 50);
}
function fileToBase64(file) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const reader = new FileReader();
reader.onload = () => {
const result = reader.result.split(",")[1] || "";
resolve(result);
};
reader.onerror = (err) => reject(err);
reader.readAsDataURL(file);
});
}
function sliceBase64(base64Str, sliceSize) {
const arr = [];
for (let i = 0; i < base64Str.length; i += sliceSize) {
arr.push(base64Str.slice(i, i + sliceSize));
}
return arr;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
<script>
//SOURCE: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/qr-creator/dist/qr-creator.min.js
//jquery-qrcode v0.14.0 - https://larsjung.de/jquery-qrcode/
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</script>
</body>
</html>通过pyautogui 模拟输入的方式将文件写入虚拟机中。然后录屏手动逐帧播放，自动播放有时候会因为网络问题跳帧，再通过ffmpeg去除重复帧
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "mpdecimate,setpts=N/(FRAME_RATE*TB)" -vsync vfr frame_%04d.pngffmpeg去除重复帧后发现还是有部分重复帧没有成功删除。
解码时再筛选一次，筛去重复项然后写入文件中
from pyzbar import pyzbar
from PIL import Image
import os
def decode_qr_codes_in_folder(folder_path):
results = {}
seen_values = set()
for i in range(999):
filename = f"frame_{i:04d}.png"
file_path = os.path.join(folder_path, filename)
if os.path.exists(file_path):
print(f"Decoding {filename}...")
try:
image = Image.open(file_path)
decoded_objs = pyzbar.decode(image)
if not decoded_objs:
results[filename] = None
print("No QR code detected.\n")
else:
qr_value = decoded_objs[0].data.decode("utf-8")
if qr_value not in seen_values:
results[filename] = qr_value
seen_values.add(qr_value)
print(f"Decoded content: {qr_value}\n")
else:
print("Decoded content is duplicate, skipped.\n")
except Exception as e:
results[filename] = None
print(f"Decoding error: {e}\n")
return results
if __name__ == "__main__":
folder = "./img"
output_file = "result.b64"
results = decode_qr_codes_in_folder(folder)
print(results)
with open(output_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
for content in results.values():
if content:
f.write(content)
print("finish")最后再解码一次得到原文件
import base64
with open("result.b64", 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
b64_data = f.read().strip()
decoded_data = base64.b64decode(b64_data)
print(len(decoded_data))
with open('result.bin', 'wb') as f:
f.write(decoded_data)